Machine having pistons and cylinders arranged around a circumference



Dec. 19, 1933. J. DAP 1,940,049

MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND CYLINDERS ARRANGED AROUND A CIRCUMFERENCEFiled Set. 18, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 19, 1933. J. DAP 1,940,049

MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND CYLINDERS ARRANGED AROUND A CIRCUMFERENCEFiled Sept. 18 192 9 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q /B F19 a o f \P P C G a I 1 F II 1 Q Q E o D 0 /n re nfar Jean 00 J. DAP

Dec. 19, 1933.

MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND CYLINDERS ARRANGED AROUND A CIRCUIFERENCEFiled Sept. 18. 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 lnren/ur dean 00 0 7 fl A I); 19,1933. J. DAP 1,940,049

MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND CYLINDERS ARRANGED AROUND A CIRCUMFERENCEFiled Sept. 18, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 /n renror Dec. 19, 1933. l J. DAP1,940,049

MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND CYLINDERS ARRANGED AROUND A CIRCUHFERENCEFiled Sept. 18. 1929 6 Sheets-Sheetfi Fig. 8

XE 0 Z1 A. 0 N ;m B

1K M ,L P MM 3 U F \P a r; o O Q 1) 0 Patented Dec. 19, 1933 1,940,049MACHINE HAVING PISTONS AND err.-

INDERS ARRANGED AROUND FERENCE A CIRCUM- JeairDap, Puteaux, France, 'assignor to Dap- Motor. Patent Gesellschaft m. b. H., Cologne Holweide,Germany, a company of Germany Application September 18, 1929, Serial No.393,486, and in Germany ctober3, 1928 I have filed applications inGermany dated 3rd October, 1928 and France dated 29th January, 1929.

The present invention relates to a reversible 5 machine in which twomembers or two groups of members (the cylinder or cylinders and thepiston orpistons) are disposed around a circumference, in which machinethe cylinders for example turn at auniform speed, the pistons executingon the circumference on which they are located an alternative movementsuch as to retard them relatively to the cylinders (during the motorcycle for example) and to subsequently to again catch the said cylindersand so on.

It has been observed that in a machine of this type the best efiiciencyis obtained when the mechanism which actuates the members executing anintermittent movement does not partake directly or positively of thetransmission of work. Moreover, for obtaining an efficient operation ofsuch a machine it is necessary for the member which effects theintermittent-movement, the piston for example, to movein such a mannerthat, for a high speed of rotation of the apparatus, the variations inspeed of the said member do not give rise to an inadmissible force ofinertia and that the said member is locked in two positions during theexpansion in the cylinder, this lookingbeing effected automatically bymeans of a locking mechanism. 1

For obtaining these results and in accordance with the present inventionthere is used for actuating the intermittently moving members amechanism consisting of a bent lever serving as a con-- nection betweenthe member rotating uniformly and the intermittently moving member. Oneend of this lever is in a curved groove provided on the framework of themachine in such a manner that the intermittently moving member isactuated with progressive-variations of speed.

This lever of which the bent portion is mounted in such a manner that itcan pivot on the member rotating at a uniform speed, is connected at itsother'end to the intermittently moving memher by means of a device forcompensating length, for example a slide. Moreover and also in accordance with the invention the actuating mechanism above'referred to itswithdrawn from the action of the driving force exerted on the immovablepising mechanism which automatically locks the said piston during theperiod of time in question, which locking mechanism is actuated by thecylinder subjected to a uniform movement of rotation.

ton .during the driving period by means of a lock- In the accompanyingdrawings there are illustrated diagrammatically and solely by way ofexamplea few forms of construction of a machine according to the presentinvention.

Figure. 1 is a longitudinal section on the line I-l of Figure 2 of amachine provided with two cylinders and two pistons mounteddiametrically, which machine may for example be a two-stroke cycleinternal combustion engine.

Figure 2 is a section on the line II--II of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the operation of the machine. V

Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of the device illustrated in Figurel,which diagram shows the efiforts which are exerted by the variousmembers.

Figure 5 is a diagram of a machine with corresponding double pistons andcylinders opposed in tandem on a circumference.

Figure 6 is a diagram of operation showing the reversibility of thedirection of operation of the machine in Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a section on the line VIIVII of Figure 8 and shows a formof construction of the device shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.

Figure 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII of Figure '7 and shows anexample of construction of the locking device;

Forthe greater clearness there are not shown in the drawings the devicesfor cooling, ignition, actuation of the valves, and so forth, thesedevices being adapted to be of any suitable type and arranged in anysuitable manner. For the same reasons the device for lubricating themachine is not illustrated, this device maybe of any suitable character,for example a bath of oil disposed in the framework forming the crankcase, the rotation of the members ensuring the lubrication thereofthemselves. It will also be understood that any suitable filtering,cooling and heating devicefor the lubricant may be provided withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

In Figures 1 and 2 there is illustrated diagrammatically a form ofconstruction of the machine in which A indicates the cylinders disposedaround a circumference, which cylinders form a block with a fly wheelhinged at the points B to the members C which connect each of thecylinders A to one of the pistons D.

The block of cylinders A is secured to a hollow driving shaft E arranged,so as to permit of the admission of the driving fluid. The supply andoutflow of the cooling fluid as also the exhaust of the gases may beeffected in a similar manner.

Each of the pistons D, mounted loosely on the driving shaft E, carriesat F a trunnion serving as a guide for a slide G of the member C. Eachof the members C effecting the connection between the members A and D isin the form of a bent lever, in the example illustrated in the drawings,of which the bent portion is hinged at B and of which one arm is hingedat F by means of the slide G above referred to. The free end L of thelever C carries rollers M and N whichrespectively roll on the outerportion 0 and on the inner portion P of a curved roller track havingsuch an outline that the piston D is stopped during the driving periodduring which period the corresponding cylinder A moves at a uniformspeed in the direction of the arrow.

Each of the pistons D may also be blocked during the driving period bymeans of a locking device independent of the lever C. This lockingdevice, indicated simply by H in Figures 3, 4 .and 5, is carried by theframework K of the machine. It may be constructed by means of a pin,key, wedge, an automatic pawl and may be actuated in any suitablemanner. Aform of construction of the locking device will be describedhereinafter.

In Figure 3 are shown the different positions occupied by the members ofthe machine. According to this figure the point B (which for example isapoint of a fly wheel secured to the cylinder A) traverses, during thedriving period of the cylinder, the path B0-B8 and the point L of thelever C, during the same period, moves from L0 to L8. During the sameperiod the pivot point F of the lever C is at the stop in the positionF0-F8; At this moment and under the infiuence of the curve OP the pistonD moves at a speed which accelerates, passes a maximum and is reduced soas to again acquire the value zero.

The above movement of the point F moves it from the position F0--FS tothe position F16. During this latter movement the point B traverses thepath B8B16 and the point L passes from the position L8 to the positionL16. This is repeated as many times as desired during a revolution ofthe machine. There may be any suitable number of cycles, but it will beunderstood that this is always a whole number.

It may be mentioned (see Figure 4) that the deleterious forces (effortsduring; the driving period) are not forcesdirected in an oppositedirection to the movement of the cylinder, but simple retarding forceswhich are relatively small and due to friction.

It may also be mentioned that by the provision of the member C with anindependent locking device, hereinafter described, in other wordscausing the push p of the piston to be supported directly (for exampleat the point H in; Figure 3 as indicated above) no longer by the memberC,

1 but by a member fixed to the framework of the machine, the retardingforces referred to above are absorbed to a considerable extent. Thelever C driven by B can thenoscillate freely having regard to the factthat it no longer supports directly the shock due for example to theexplosion and consequently the general efficiency of the apparatus isimproved.

The diagram in- Figure 4 illustrates diagrammatically a machine in whichthere are diagrammatically arranged two units A, C, D and of which oneof the cylinders may be regarded as'thedriving cylinder, the other beingthe compression cylinder. When the two cylinders are driving. cylindersafportion of the internal forces on the members is balanced. 1

The machine described may, subject to the modifications illustrated inFigures 5 and 7, be reversible in rotation. In fact if it is consideredthat the cylinder A (acting as a driving cylinder) causes the shaft E'torotate in a clockwise direction and that the cylinder Q is a compressioncylinder- (two-stroke cycle) it will be seen that by reversing, by anysuitable method, the actions of the admission and exhaust members forthe gases (after slowing down themachine) the cylinder Q may become thedriving cylinder and the cylinder A the coinpression'cylinder. The shaftE then turns in an anticlockwise direction.

Figure 6 shows the different positions occupied successively by themembers of the device shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.

Figure 7 shows diagrammatically the manner in which the deviceillustrated diagrammatically in Figure 5 may be carried out in practice.In Figure '7 there are used the same references as in the precedingfigures for indicating similar members.

The locking device which may be constructed as shown in Figure 8corresponds with the locking device indicated by H in Figures 3, 4, 5.and 6. This locking device is provided for example with a pin R, slidingin a boss S carried by the framework K. This pin may enter a recess Tprovided in a boss U formed on the pistons D. At the opposite end of thepin which enters the recess T the said pin is hinged to a lever Vpivoted at W and of which the end X engages with a groove Y of a cam Zkeyed to the driving shaft E.

The shape of the groove Y of the cam Z is such that it produces, by asuitable oscillation of the lever V, the to and-fro movement of the pinR which, by engaging the boss U of a piston, locks the latter in asuitable position (driving period) which position corresponds to thatfor example indicated by F0F8 in Figures 3 and 6.

1. In combination, a plurality of pistons rigidly connected together, acylinder-block having toroidal bores formed therein'coacting with saidpistons, said cylinder-block including a plurality of cylinder headspositioned to. coact with said pistons to form a plurality of combustionchambers, a fixed frame, a 'camsupported on. said frame, said cam havinga groove positioned exteriorly with relation to said pistons, andcrank-levers'pivotally mounted on'said cylinder-block, each ofsaidcrank-levers having one extremity inpivotal engagement with a pistonand the other connected in guiding relation to said cam, the portion ofsaidcrank levers connected in guiding relation to said cam and inpivotal engagement with the piston forming an angle greater than 180 onthe sides thereof facing same cam.

2. A structure as defined in claim 1 in combination with means operativeto intermittently block said pistons in position relatively to saidfixed frame.

3. A structure as defined in claim 1 in combi-. nation withcarncontrolled' means operative to intermittently block said pistons inposition relatively to said fixed frame.

4. A structure as defined'in claim 1 in combination with a reciprocablepin adapted to engage with one of said pistons to intermittently lockthe latter in position, and means for reciprocating said pin.

5. A structure as defined in claim 1 in combina! tion with areciprocahle pin, and cam actuated means for reciprocating said pin soas to move the latter intermittently into engagement with one of saidpistons. JEAN DAP.

